His analysis pursuits are in making use of program evaluation techniques from academia to solve sensible reverse engineering issues. His interests revolve around how you can conduct massive scale fuzzing campaigns and the way to automate as a lot of this as possible. Mine was set to 1. I have no idea how/why it is 1 because I never modified it." Well, there's why. "For sure, I've downloaded and put in Bitwarden, and I'm altering the password on each site in my vault as rapidly as I can." So, yes, Dave has the fitting concept. He was typical of many of our listeners. And there's an instance from amongst a lot of what our listeners found to their horror final week; and, sadly, it may be because he by no means modified it that it remained set to 1. As you mentioned, Leo, essentially the most loyal early adopters of LastPass, they're the ones who're, in a phrase, effed. As we all know, he mustn't have had to alter it. That should never have been his duty. But we're on the skin right here, wanting in. We don't know of the actual story behind this iteration fiasco. But there isn't any way to forgive this from LastPass. None. That is greater than a mistake. This had to be someone's boneheaded determination. With their acknowledgement of the importance of accelerating the iteration count over time, evidenced by its default being jumped from 1 to 500 to 5000 to 100,100, somebody will need to have made the choice to not bother bringing older current iteration counts into compliance with current best practices. Someone must have determined that it could, I don't know, result in a lot customer confusion and help calls, so let's simply go away it wherever it is. And the galling thing is it may have been achieved 100% transparently. I am no smarter than their crypto people. So that they know this, too. When the user gives their e-mail tackle and password to log into their consumer, at that second the client has the whole lot it must carry out the improve transparently. Start iterating on PBKDF2. Pause at the present iteration depend and take a snapshot of the present key at that time. Then keep going to the brand new larger iteration depend and take a snapshot of that new key. Now decrypt the vault with the present key, which was sampled midstream, then reencrypt the vault with the larger last iteration count key. And, finally, replace the stored iteration rely. Done. Totally transparent. No person confusion. And an organization as massive as LastPass, now targeted on the enterprise and all the pieces, for causes I can't probably explain, never did that. I mean, not solely just isn't everyone at 100,100, there are individuals at 5000 and 500. There are people at 1. And change your passwords. Okay. David Lemire. He said: "Hi, Steve.

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Someone in a neighborhood Java User Group might know one thing. Combining an unpredictable iteration count with salting the hashing course of ought to increase the work issue for the creation of rainbow tables, as well because the comparability process, by a substantial issue." Okay. Now, I didn't mean to confuse things final week with my mention of the opportunity of attacking identified salt-free hashing schemes with precomputation attacks. My intention was to paint a history to remind us of where we have been and the way we bought to the place we're as we speak. Everyone has at all times been protected from precomputation attacks by the inclusion of their electronic mail deal with as the salt for the PBKDF2 operate. Joe Siegrist was doing this from day one, with an iteration count of 1. Unfortunately, again in 2008, Joe was, as I mentioned, additionally iterating solely once by way of PBKDF2. And as we now know, for some unlucky souls, that for whatever motive was by no means changed. Someone can be prone to ask if a person intentionally set their iteration depend to 1, what would occur in the event that they did not understand what that was about? You understand, like what if that happened? My reply to that would be that it ought to absolutely by no means have been allowed. LastPass would definitely not permit any person to go away their password clean. A low iteration count is effectively no different. LastPass was lifting the count over time, and that ought to have always been the minimal that any LastPass person client would settle for as its count. I acquired a question through e-mail: "Hello.

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